Ammonia’s Path to World-Scale, and Where it Goes Next.

Ammonia, a vital hydrogen derivative, has scaled from 100 mtpd plants in the 1920s to today’s world-scale units. With demand rising across fertilizers, shipping, and hydrogen carriers, further scaling of low-carbon ammonia is critical. This talk highlights key milestones and future pathways that place low-carbon ammonia at the center of both food security and the energy transition.